Conditional/ Adverbs of Conditional/ If Clause

1.      Present

If  Present Tense (Subject + Verb 1 + ….),  Future Tense (Subject + shall/will  + Verb 1 + …)

Example :

·         If I get a good GPA, I will apply for the master’s program.

·         If I have a time, I will meet you after work.

·         If the weather is very bad tonight, we will go by train.

2.      Present Unreal (Impossible happen in the present)

If Past Simple (Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….), Past Future (S + would + Verb 1+....)

Example :

·         If I got a good GPA, I would apply for the master’s progam.

·         If I were you, I would take the job.

·         If I were you, I wouldn’t come to the party.

3.      Past Unreal (impossible to happen in the past)

If Past perfect (Subject + Had + Verb 3), Past future perfect (Subject + should/would + have + been + complement or Subject + should/would + have + Verb 3 + object)

Example :

·         If I had bought the land, I would have been very rich.

·         If you told me that problem last night, I would have helped you.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice.

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini:

S + Auxiliary Verb + Past Participle

·         Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).

·         Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses.

·         Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

Contoh Passive Voice pada tenses:

1.      Simple Present Tense

Pattern           : Subject + to be + Verb3

Active              : He meets them everyday.

Passive            : They are met by him everyday.

2.      Present Continous Tense

Pattern           : Subject + to be + being + Verb3

Active             : We are decorating the hall.

Passive            : The hall is being decorated by us.

3.      Present Perfect Tense

Pattern            : Subject + have/has + been + Verb3

Active              : We have done our homework.

Passive            : Our homework have been done by us.

4.      Simple Past Tense

Pattern           : Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb 2

Active             : She faxed her application for a new job.

Passive            : The application for a new job was faxed by her.

5.      Past Continous Tense

Pattern           : Subject + to be (was – were) + Verb3

Active             : We were typing a letter.

Passive            : A letter was been typed by us.

6.      Past Perfect Tense

Pattern           : Subject + had + been + Verb3

Active             : He had met them before I came.

Passive            : They had been met by him before I came.

7.      Simple Future Tense

Pattern           : Subject + will + be + Verb3

Active             : I will clean the house every Saturday.

Passive            : The house will be cleaned by me every Saturday

8.      Future Continous Tense

Pattern           : Subject + will be + being + Verb3

Active             : We will be watching a movie.

Passive            : A movie will be being watched by us.

9.      Future Perfect Tense

Pattern           : Subject + will have + been + Verb3

Active             : He will have eaten an apple.

Passive            : An apple will have been eaten by him.

Referensi :

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice

http://sarahnurmalaa.wordpress.com/2013/09/28/contoh-kalimat-passive-and-active-voice/

http://belajarbahasainggris-4me.blogspot.com/2013/11/passive-voice-dan-contoh-kalimatnya.html

Phrase

1.     George is cooking   dinner      tonight

          S       V Phrase    Comp   Mod of Time

2.     We     can eat      lunch   in the restaurant         today

          S          V         Comp     Mod of Place    Mod of Time

3.     Pat should have bought gasoline       today

        S            V Phrase         Comp   Mod of Time

  

4.     She opened a checking account     in the bank         yesterday

         S       V                  Comp           Mod of Place    Mod of Time

5.     He was driving  very fast

         S     V Phrase  Mod of Manner  

6.     She drove the car     on the street

         S       V    Comp    Mod of Place

7.     We girls are not going to that movie

         S             V Phrase       Mod of Place

8.     The chemestry professor canceled  class     today

                      S                          V       Comp   Mod of Time

9.     She must have gone    to the bank

         S         V Phrase       Mod of Place

10.   The weather  was   very bad              yesterday

                 S          V    Mod of Manner  Mod of Time

        (noun phrase) 

Noun Phrase : A group of words ending with a noun

Verb Phrase  : has one or more auxiliaries & one main verb